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Side effects and long term effects
Problems associated with benzodiazepine use for older people:
Over sedation – because of age related changes, even the short to medium acting benzodiazepines can have a prolonged life in the older person.
Falls and hip fractures – studies show a 70% increase in the risk of hip fracture with the long acting benzodiazepines and research also shows a four fold risk of hip fracture with the shorter acting benzodiazepines such as Temazepam.
Impaired blood pressure regulation and balance control have been linked with both short and long acting benzodiazepines. Cognitive impairment, memory loss and pseudo dementia Nocturnal urinary incontinence is more common because of decreased awareness of bladder stimulation and lowered mobility.
Long term use of the benzodiazepines in all adult populations is associated with emotional changes and can worsen or cause depression.
Short lived therapeutic effect – research has demonstrated that the hypnotic effect of the benzodiazepines only lasts for a number of weeks with regular use.
Worsening sleep – studies have shown that long term benzodiazepine users spend less time than normal in the deep sleep stage and wake more frequently during the night.
Respiratory problems are exacerbated in people with existing conditions such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Research now indicates that long term use of benzodiazepines may cause cognitive impairment. | 
